Pharmaceutical – GAT Scientific

Saturn DigiSizer II

gatscadmin — Wed, 06 May 2020 04:55:11 +0000

Particle sizing techniques have advanced significantly throughout the past several decades. One of the most important contributions to this field is the application of laser-based technologies, complemented with the use of modern photo-detectors and digital computers. For some time, progress in laser light scattering technology has led to faster analyses, but the quality of the measurement was limited, often due to inadequacies in the detector.

Recognizing this need for better detection capability, Micromeritics developed the Saturn DigiSizer, an instrument that employed a laser diode and modern charge-coupled device (CCD) detector to significantly improve the sensitivity, resolution, reproducibility, and repeatability of the laser light scattering particle sizing technique.

With the Saturn DigiSizer II, Micromeritics has again improved this particle size technique. Utilizing a state-of-the-art CCD detector containing over three million detector elements, Mie theory, and unique design and data reduction features, the Saturn DigiSizer II gives users an extremely high level of resolution and sensitivity not available in other laser particle sizing systems. The level of detail, accuracy, and resolution enables the extraction of all available information from the static light scattering pattern. Users can now measure the same material on multiple instruments located at different locations around the world and get the same, highly detailed size distribution measurement on each instrument. The Saturn DigiSizer II is fully automated and requires little operator intervention.

Measures both organic and inorganic particles ranging from 40 nanometers to 2.5 millimeters equivalent spherical diameter.
CCD detector contains over three million detector elements producing extremely high-resolution data.
Adjustable liquid sample handling unit for automatic sampling, dilution, and dispersion is available in both standard and low-volume configurations.
One computer can control up to two Saturn DigiSizers each with a liquid sample handling unit.
Optional MasterTech 052 Autosampler provides unattended analysis of up to 18 samples.
Fast, detailed results are repeatable on, and reproducible between, every Saturn DigiSizer II.
User-friendly analysis program includes wizards and intuitive screens and is designed to operate in the Windows® environment

Advantages

Superior sensitivity
Higher resolution
Superior analysis-to-analysis repeatability
Greater accuracy
Better reproducibility
Exceptional data quality
Fully automated system
Versatile sample handling options
Easy-to-use software
21 CFR Part 11 software option
IQ/OQ validation service option
No proprietary “black-box” algorithms

Applications

Ceramics

Particle Size information helps to determine curing and bonding procedures, control pore structure, ensure adequate green body strength, and produce a final product of desired strength, texture, appearance, and density.

Paints and Coatings

The particle size distribution of the pigment or filler influences the porosity, gloss, texture, color, color saturation, brightness, solids content, and film adhesion properties. The resulting porosity can control application properties such as fluidity, drying or setting time, and film thickness.

Cosmetics

The appearance, application, and packaging of cosmetics are influenced by the particle size distribution of the base powders, such as talc, and the pigments used in coloring.

Abrasives

Performance of abrasives, either in powder form or after being attached to a backing, is dictated by the size distribution of the abrasive powder. Over-sized particles lead to scratching and gouging. Undersized particles may lead to clogging of the abrasive papers.

Catalysts

Flow properties of fluid-cracking catalysts depend upon the particle size distribution of the particles. Surface area and pore structure of acid catalysts and catalyst supports result from the particle size distribution of the particles that are used to produce them

Mining

Refining efficiency of materials is related strongly to the particle size distribution of the raw mineral. For products that are used without chemical change, the size of particles taken from the mine may be too large for final usage. Analyses performed on the extracted minerals will help determine the amount of size reduction needed once the product reaches the processing plant.

Column Packing Materials

The back-pressure of the packed bed within the column is a direct function of the size of the channels through the bed and, thus, the size distribution of the column packing material. Over-sized particles create voids in the bed, reducing efficiency due to remixing of the separated sample components. Undersized particles lead to blockage of flow paths through the bed, increasing the back-pressure and analysis time. A proper distribution leads to greater separation efficiency.

Saturn II DigiSizer Configurations

The Saturn DigiSizer II System

Includes many options that allow you to tailor your instrument according to your specific needs. Multiple sample dispersion system options, an automatic autosampler, and a device for removing dissolved gases from the suspension liquid are available and contribute to the versatility of the system. These options are all designed and manufactured with the same care and attention to detail that produced the Saturn DigiSizer.

Liquid Sample Handling Units

The Saturn DigiSizer II’s sample handling unit ensures that every sample will be correctly dispersed. Micromeritics’ patented, state-of-the-art liquid sample handling units (LSHU) work with the instrument software to assure that sample suspension is of the proper concentration. A continuous flow through the reservoir provides a mixing action sufficient to keep all sample material suspended and prevents the settling of particles.

The LSHU has several automated features such as a built-in ultrasonic probe, automatic liquid level control, particle concentration detection, and a sample circulation system that continuously maintains dispersion. Auto-dispersion and auto-dilution features monitor the sample’s concentration and add liquid as needed until optimum concentration is obtained.

To reduce the possibility of sample carryover between analyses, the LSHU has a patented reservoir rinse design. While other designs simply fill and empty the reservoir to rinse, the Saturn DigiSizer’s LSHU has a feature that sprays the reservoir walls as the fluid level recedes. This removes residue that otherwise might cling to the surface.

Standard Liquid Sample Handling Unit

The standard unit includes a reservoir that is adjustable between 590 to 690 mL of dispersed sample with a circulation pump rate of 5 – 19 L per minute. It can circulate particles from 0.04 to 2500 µm. The high flow rate better supports particles that have an inherently higher settling velocity. In addition, the higher system clearance helps to avoid attrition of the particles during circulation.

Applications:

Coarse particles
High-density particles
Quantity of sample, liquid supply and/or waste disposal is not a problem

Low-Volume Liquid Sample Handling Unit

The low-volume unit includes a reservoir that is adjustable between 100 to 120 mL of dispersed sample with a circulation pump rate of 2 – 12 L per minute. It can circulate particles from 0.04 to 750 µm in diameter. The low-volume liquid sample handling unit reduces cost by using smaller amounts of sample, and reduces the expense of waste disposal.

Applications:

Sample quantity is limited
Supply of dispersion liquid is limited and/or expensive
Dispersion liquid may be hazardous to use and/or make disposal difficult

Particle Size Sample Preparation Accessories:

MasterTech Autosampler

The MasterTech Autosampler provides assurance that all samples are prepared and analyzed exactly the same way. The MasterTech is designed to increase throughput, repeatability, and reproducibility while reducing operator involvement. Up to 18 samples can be queued to run sequentially and completely unattended, including automatic stirring or sonication prior to transfer to the analysis system. The Saturn DigiSizer II’s operating software controls the MasterTech, and information about dispersion is stored in the sample file for future reference.

The MasterTech features a powerful ultrasonic probe for sample dispersion. Power to the probe tip is adjustable and the driving circuit is self-tuning for maintaining efficient and consistent sonic energy levels. A front-panel digital readout lets you know when the desired power is reached, and that same power is applied each time the method is repeated.

The AquaPrep can prepare 10 liters of water in less than 2 hours (at standard temperature and pressure) and ensures that you obtain the most accurate representation possible of the particle size distribution in your sample.

AquaPrep II

When using water as a suspension liquid during particle size analysis, it is possible for atmospheric gases to be released from solution forming minute bubbles that become incorporated with the sample dispersion. This has a disruptive effect on particle size analysis because the bubbles circulate through the measurement zone of the analyzer and are detected as if they were particles. This can result in the reporting of particle size classes that are not actually present. Removing these bubbles is required for obtaining the most accurate particle size data, particularly when using a highly sensitive analyzer like the Saturn DigiSizer II. Micromeritics’ AquaPrep solves this problem by recirculating water through a hydrophobic capsule consisting of many thin-walled capillaries. A vacuum pump provides low pressure on the outside of the capillaries. The result is a diffusion of dissolved air from the water through the capillary walls and removal through the vacuum pump.

Superior Data Reduction and Reporting

The Saturn DigiSizer II’s powerful, easy-to-use and versatile user interface provides all the convenient features you expect from a Windows-based program such as point-and-click menus, multitasking capability, copy to clipboard, and more. The familiar Windows format reduces the time required for training and eliminates the need for most off-line data manipulation, resulting in increased productivity. The analysis program is designed to operate in the Windows environment and includes wizards and intuitive screens enabling you to perform system operations quickly and efficiently.

In addition, Micromeritics’ confirm 21 CFR Part 11 software assists with compliance to FDA regulations. Combined with Micromeritics’ IQ and OQ services, the user can be assured that the Saturn DigiSizer II system is validated for accuracy, reliability, consistent performance, and provides safeguards to protect the integrity of analysis records. System access is limited to authorized individuals. Secure, computer-generated, time-stamped audit trails are integral parts of the software program.

Wide Range of Data Presentation Options With many instruments that employ the static light scattering technique, a final report of reduced data typically is the only output available. The Saturn DigiSizer II, however, allows you to access the raw data. For instance, an image of the scattering pattern (2-D and 3-D representations) can be displayed, or you can receive a 592-point intensity versus angle data report in tabular or graphical form. To allow a quick assessment of the fit of theoretical models to experimental data, you also can obtain an overlay plot of measured data calculated from Mie theory.

Reduction of Raw Data Based on Mie Theory Ensures Exceptional Data Quality

Micromeritics employs the Mie theory (or the operator can choose to use Fraunhofer for particles that are both large and opaque) to reduce experimental data using a well-published, non-negative least squares method. These theories describe light scattering via theoretical models. No modifications to the theory are made with the Saturn DigiSizer II, and no assumptions of modality or distribution type are used. This is made possible by the remarkably high resolution of the optical system allowing very narrow size classes to be used in fitting the data to Mie theory.

The application of Mie theory provides unambiguous size data. In addition to reporting the data, the Saturn DigiSizer II can generate a plot that shows how well experimental measurements compare with theoretical Mie calculations for the scattering pattern from the reported distribution.

Revolutionary Approach to Particle Sizing

CCDs were originally developed and used for high-sensitivity and high-resolution requirements of imaging for astronomy. The Saturn DigiSizer II captures the scattering pattern using a patented optical design that employs a CCD as the light detector. A high-definition digital representation of the scattering pattern, which contains all of the information required to determine the particle size distribution, is captured.

Micromeritics’ application of the CCD array eliminates the need for mechanical fine-tuning of optical alignment. The instrument is automatically aligned by re-mapping the CCD array so that the scattering angle assigned to each element is exact to less than 0.005 degree relative to the central, unscattered light beam. The Saturn DigiSizer II’s CCD array has more than three million detector elements. The resulting extremely high resolution makes it possible to detect subtle differences in the scattering patterns and, therefore, subtle differences in particle size distributions. These minute differences in sample particle size may indicate a manufacturing variance, corroborate or refute theoretical studies, or help explain natural processes. Higher resolution means greater knowledge about differences between samples.

Advanced design features enable the Saturn DigiSizer to measure a light scattering pattern over a broad range of scattering angles with a dynamic intensity range from 1 to 1×1010. Combined with the high angular resolution of the CCD, the detector system provides an effective resolution of several million pixels at different positions in the scattering pattern, each detecting minute variations in light intensity. The Saturn DigiSizer’s high resolution enables the instrument to detect extremely small variations in the scattering pattern that are not detected by lower resolution instruments. It is this high level of accuracy that allows the Saturn DigiSizer to provide more detailed and precise particle size information than laser diffraction particle sizing systems of conventional design

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lT4r4vld4_U

AccuPyc II 1345

gatscadmin — Wed, 06 May 2020 03:37:05 +0000

The AccuPyc II 1345 Series Pycnometers are fast, fully automatic pycnometers that provide high-speed, high-precision volume measurements and true density calculations on a wide variety of powders, solids, and slurries. After analyses are started with a few keystrokes, data are collected, calculations are performed, and results displayed. A minimal amount of operator attention is required.

Maintain product integrity with this non-destructive test
Eliminate error with programmable automatic repeat and data acquisition set to your tolerances to comply with your SOPs
Ability to use a variety of gases
Maximize your investment-Adaptive configuration to meet your sample size needs
Low-cost, minimal maintenance, and small footprint
Increase efficiency and compliance with barcoding compatibility
Speed of analysis, accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility
Versatility of keypad or Windows software operation
Eliminate procedural steps with direct input from an analytical balance

Principle of Operation

This technique uses the gas displacement method to measure volume accurately. Inert gases, such as helium or nitrogen, are used as the displacement medium. The sample is sealed in the instrument compartment of known volume,the appropriate inert gas is admitted, and then expanded into another precision internal volume.

The pressures observed upon filling the sample chamber and then discharging it into a second empty chamber allow computation of the sample solid phase volume. Helium molecules rapidly fill pores as small as one angstrom in diameter; only the solid phase of the sample displaces the gas. Dividing this volume into the sample weight gives the gas displacement density.

Total Density

On an elementary level, the volume of a solid material can be calculated by measuring its length, width, and thickness. However, many materials have within their structure surface irregularities, small fractures, fissures, and pores.

Some of these voids or pores are open to the surface or closed within the structure of the solid material. Therefore, differences in the material volume depend on the measurement technique, measurement method, and the conditions under which the measurements were performed.

Density Type	Definition	Addressed by
True (Absolute)	The mass of a substance divided by its volume, excluding open and closed (or blind) pores	AccuPyc II
Skeletal(Apparent)	The ratio of the mass of the solid material to the sum of the volume including closed (or blind) pores	AccuPyc II
Envelope	The ratio of the mass of a substance to the envelope volume (imaginary boundary surrounding the particle)	GeoPyc
Bulk	Mass of the material divided by the volume occupied that includes interstitial space	GeoPyc
TAP	Apparent powder density obtained under stated conditions of tapping	GeoPyc with T.A.P. function

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-pKEh1-oJg

Intergrated Thermo-Electric Temperature Control Solution

Materials tend to expand as they are heated, causing the same mass to occupy an increasing volume, thus lowering the substances density. Materials subjected to changing temperature may have a direct effect on volume, affecting accurate density determination.

The AccuPyc II TEC features a Peltier thermoelectric device for precise temperature control and stability. This instrument is an excellent option for use with temperature sensitive or viscous samples where environmental temperature cannot be adequately controlled.

Accurate temperature control from

15 – 36 °C (+/- 0.1 °C), adjustable in

0.1 °C increments

Available in 10-cm3 and 100-cm3 AccuPyc II TEC models. Also available in an analysis module version for remote operation when utilizing the AccuPyc II control modul. AccuPyc II TEC Software Density Determination of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials

This AccuPyc solution can be closely correlated (< 0.15% difference) to results obtained with ASTM Test Method D70-09.

The ASTM method is burdensome and time consuming. Our approach offers an expedited, more robust, operator-independent method, with results in minutes.

Reproducible results in minutes, virtually eliminates operator error. Integral solution with software for bituminous material testing includes results for specific gravity, volume, and density

Peltier thermoelectric control (10 to 60 °C) provides excellent temperature control/stability and sample handling. Disposable sample cups limit cross-contamination and minimize cleaning of sample chamber between analyses.

Asphalt Sample	Average Density AccuPyc II TEC Solution (n=11) (g/cc)	%Relative Standard Deviation (n=11)	ASTM Method D70-9 Density (g/cc)	%Difference Between Methods
Sample A	1.01906	0.03	1.01758	0.1453
Sample B	1.02543	0.03	1.02536	0.0067
Sample C	1.01821	0.07	1.01848	0.0263
Sample D	1.02563	0.09	1.02576	0.0125

Density Measurements for Open- and Closed Cell Foams

The AccuPyc II unit can be ordered initially with the FoamPyc application installed. If you have a standard AccuPyc, you can upgrade with a software enhancement. A FoamPyc option for measuring open- and closed-cell foam materials is available in the following configurations for the standard and temperature- controlled pycnometers:

10-cm³ nominal cell volume (for conformance to ASTM and ISO methods)

100-cm³ nominal cell volume

FoamPyc Technique Determines Open Cell Volume in Foamed Materials

The FoamPyc option for the AccuPyc 1345 Density Analyzer lets you measure, calculate, and report the percentage of open cell volume in blocks of foamed or cellular plastic, glass, rubber, or metal.

These foamed materials have thin membranes or walls that separate internal cavities or cells. These cells can be open or interconnecting, closed or non-connecting, or a combination of open and closed. With the FoamPyc software, you can determine the percentage of sample volume occupied by open cells, as well as closed cells.

A Focus on Accuracy

The FoamPyc program ensures accuracy by correcting for punctured cells caused by cutting the block of material to obtain a sample. The volume of the cells that were opened on the cut surfaces of the sample are computed and their volume deducted from the analysis results so as not to overstate the true open-cell volume of the original uncut material.

The program uses correction calculations that follow ASTM Standard D 6226. Correction using cell dimensions method factors in cell chord length for estimating cut cell volume. Correction by re-cutting sample method, performs a second analysis to correct for opened cells, except this time the same sample is subdivided (re-cut) to expose twice the total surface area as before. Then, the second run is subtracted from the first run using a correction calculation, V= 2(V + D) – (V + 2D), where V is the true open-cell volume and D is the cut cell volume.

No correction method performs an AccuPyc analysis on the cut sample as is, which works well with samples that have mostly Compressibility method permits the volume change of soft, closed cell foams to be measured by applying progressively larger amounts of isotropic gas pressure and computing the volume occupied by the foam. Cell fracture method, evaluates the possibility of fracturing, which may occur when closed cell foam made of brittle material (having large, thin-walled cells) is exposed to pressure. This method applies first a small, controlled amount of pressure, and then performs a volume measurement. Next, a larger amount of pressure is applied. The sample is then returned to the first pressure and volume measurement is repeated.

Micromeritics announces the availability of a FoamPyc Sample Preparation Kit, Part No. 133/33009/00, to enhance your assessment of open pores in plastic foams. ASTM Test Method D-6226 describes the technique for extracting a sample of foam of specific dimensions then re-cutting it to double the amount of exposed surface, thereby deriving a correction for the pores opened in the initial cutting. The kit contains a knife, extra blades and a guide structure for both the first cutting of sample to dimensions and the re-cutting.

CorePyc-Density of Intact Core Samples

With a large-volume sample chamber, this pycnometer has been designed to address the specific needs of operations that require pore volume knowledge of intact drilling cores. This instrument improves sampling statistics by eliminating the need to break a core into many smaller pieces and run multiple analyses to obtain volume results. The CorePyc eliminates the need to run multiple analyses on large cores

Large sample chamber with a volume of approximately 2000 cm3

Sample chamber can accommodate a 95-mm (3.74 in.) diameter core of up to 278 mm (10.9 inches) in length

Analytical Balance Bundle

The AccuPyc weighing solution bundle provides one-touch transfer of mass data from the analytical balance directly to the AccuPyc’s Windows software. Direct transfer eliminates user error associated with manual entry of mass data. Optional Peltier temperature control eliminates environmental temperature variation and facilitates the handling of “hot” samples.

Seamless device compatibility
One-touch mass data transfer to AccuPyc for automatic calculation of density
Includes 120 X 0.1 mg electronic analytical balance with calibration weight
Optional Peltier thermoelectric control (10 to 60 °C) provides ambient temperature stability

Pharmaceutical Ribbons

With the skeletal density measured by the AccuPyc included in the setup parameters for the envelope density, the GeoPyc will calculate and report the percent porosity and total pore volume of the ribbon. This information has proven to be useful in controlling the mechanical properties of the material, compression force settings on the roller compactor, and subsequent tablet press settings.

Tablet Press

Pharmaceutical scientists realize that many of the physical, mechanical, and pharmacokinetics properties of tablets are influenced by the basic settings of a tablet press. Using the AccuPyc coupled with the GeoPyc, scientists are now able to determine quickly and easily the skeletal density, envelope density, total pore volume, percent porosity, and closed-cell pore volume of tablets produced with varying press settings.

Solid Fraction Data for Roller Compaction

Solid Fraction is a control parameter used in roller compaction operations. This control parameter assists in determining the optimal setting for speed, compression and nip angle in the roller compactor. Using the Solid Fraction as part of your SOP will ensure consistent product batch to batch, along with the end product having the designed and desired performance.

AccuPyc/GeoPyc Porosity Bundle

While skeletal and envelope volume measurements are significant in their importance as individual capacities, their combination permits the pharmaceutical scientist to also accurately calculate percent porosity and total pore volume. With this data a process engineer or quality assurance scientist can have greater knowledge of their process for improvement in both quality of product and optimization of the manufacturing process.

GeoPyc 1365 Envelope Density Analyzer

The GeoPyc utilizes a quasi-fluid displacement medium composed of non-hazardous microspheres having a high degree of flowability that do not wet the sample or fill its pores.

Determines envelope volume and density of monolithic samples as well as bulk volume and density of powdered materials. A variety of sample chambers is available to accommodate a wide range of sample sizes

AccuPyc II 1345 and the GeoPyc 1365 bundle
AccuPyc II 1345 Gas Pycnometer

The AccuPyc II 1345 Series Pycnometers are fast, fully automatic pycnometers that provide high-speed, high-precision volume measurements and true density calculations. The instrument completes most sample analyses in less than three minutes without sacrificing accuracy or compromising sample integrity.

Non-destructives test with speed of analysis
Eliminate errors with programmable auto repeat and data acquisition to a selected SOP
Adaptable configuration to accommodate samples of varying volumes

The AccuPyc II HP 1345 – High Pressure Density Measurement

The AccuPyc HP features a 100 cm3 sample capacity to determine the true volume and density of solids and powders at high pressures up to 500 psi. The bundle includes both a Control and Analysis Module and can be operated in either a stand-alone configuration using the internal keypad on the control module, or controlled with a desktop computer. The Control module is cable connected to the analysis module permitting remote analysis if desired.

Precision:

Reproducibility within +/- 0.04% nominal, full-scale cell chamber volume.

Accuracy:

To within 0.1% of reading, plus 0.1% of sample capacity

Additional Features Include:

Two separate modules, one for control with keypad the other for analysis. Modules are connected via provided cabling. The AccuPyc II HP 1345 High Pressure Density Measurement
Sample chamber can accommodate samples up to 48mm in diameter and up to 60mm in length
Guaranteed reproducibility to within 0.04% full scale volume
Transducer zeroing, calibration and operation are controlled by internal computer
Can be connected directly to analytical balance for transfer of sample mass without transcription error
Programmable for automatic repeat measurements or for data acquisition under user-selected tolerances
User-programmable number of purges prior to analysis
ASCII output from serial port can be captured by computer and used as input to popular spreadsheet programs
Helium is recommended as analysis gas, but nitrogen or other gases may be used for special applications.

GeoPyc 1365

gatscadmin — Wed, 06 May 2020 02:46:32 +0000

The GeoPyc automatically determines the volume and density of a solid object by displacement of Dry Flo, a solid medium. The medium is a narrow distribution of small, rigid spheres that have a high degree of flow ability and achieve close packing around the object under investigation. The particles are sufficiently small that during consolidation they conform closely to the surface of the object, yet do not invade pore space.

Repeatability and reproducibility are achieved by a controlled method of compaction. The sample cell in which the dry medium is placed is a precision cylinder. A plunger compresses the powder as the cell vibrates; the force of compression is selectable and, therefore repeatable from test to test. A preliminary compaction with only the displacement medium in the cell establishes a zero-volume baseline.

The sample is then placed in the cylinder with the dry medium and the compaction process is repeated. The difference in the distance ht the piston penetrates the cylinder during the test and the distance h0 it penetrates during the baseline procedure (h= h0 – ht) is used to calculate the displacement volume of the medium using the formula for the volume of a cylinder of height h, V= π r2h

Reporting Functions

The GeoPyc has multiple operational modes that are accessed through the instruments smart touch screen. Operating modes including full blank, computed blank, and reference solid calibration with variance, which allows you to optimize speed and accuracy for your specific application.

During analysis, indications of progress and preliminary results make it possible to track what is occurring. Sample-specific information can be entered into the analysis reports.

Available Reports:

Envelope Density
Volume Calibration
Blank Report
Force Calibration
Instrument Log

Total

Density Type	Definition	Addressed by
True (Absolute)	The mass of a substance divided by its volume, excluding open and closed (or blind) pores	AccuPyc II
Skeletal(Apparent)	The ratio of the mass of the solid material to the sum of the volume including closed (or blind) pores	AccuPyc II
Envelope	The ratio of the mass of a substance to the envelope volume (imaginary boundary surrounding the particle)	GeoPyc
Bulk	Mass of the material divided by the volume occupied that includes interstitial space	GeoPyc
TAP	Apparent powder density obtained under stated conditions of tapping	GeoPyc with T.A.P. function

Operational Features

The GeoPyc is operated from an intelligent touch screen. Data acquisition and reporting are fully automated for convenient incorporation in LIMS or other data concentrating systems.

A variety of sample chambers is available to accommodate a wide range of sample sizes. After the analysis, a light shaking or dusting completely removes the Dry Flo so the samples can be reused or retested. The GeoPyc has multiple operating modes including full blank, computed blank, and reference solid calibration with variance, which allows you to optimize speed and accuracy for your individual needs. During analysis, indications of progress and preliminary results make it possible to track what is occurring.

T.A.P Density Option

The GeoPyc T.A.P. density option obtains precise results comparable to conventional tap density analyzers, only it does it faster, quieter, and with a higher degree of reproducibility.

When equipped with the T.A.P. Density option, the GeoPyc measures the packing volume and calculates the bulk density of granular and powdered samples, including pharmaceutical and electrochemical materials, under a wide range of compaction conditions.

To determine T.A.P. density, the sample chamber is rotated and agitated while a precise specified force is applied to the sample. A force transducer measures the consolidation force in Newtons and the distance over which the consolidation piston and plunger travel is measured in steps. The user specifies the force applied and the number of consolidations per analysis. The GeoPyc averages the measurements from each consolidation and automatically calculates volume and density, and reports the results in cm³ and g/cm³.

Micromeritics Porosity Instrument Bundle

GeoPyc Envelope Density Analyzer

The GeoPyc utilizes a quasi-fluid displacement medium composed of non-hazardous microspheres having a high degree of flowability that do not wet the sample or fill its pores.

Determines envelope volume and density of monolithic samples as well as bulk volume and density of powdered materials
A variety of sample chambers is available to accommodate a wide range of sample sizes
T.A.P. Density option – measures the packing volume and calculates the bulk density of granular and powdered samples

AccuPyc/GeoPyc Porosity Bundle Bundle

The AccuPyc II 1340 Series Pycnometers are fast, fully automatic pycnometers that provide high-speed, high-precision volume measurements and true density calculations. The instrument completes most sample analyses in less than three minutes without sacrificing accuracy or compromising sample integrity.

Non-destructives test with speed
of analysis
Eliminate errors with programmable
auto repeat and data acquisition to a selected SOP
Adaptable configuration to accommodate samples of varying volumes

MIC SAS II

gatscadmin — Tue, 05 May 2020 16:29:32 +0000

The quality of the data produced by surface area and pore volume analyses depends greatly on the cleanliness of the sample surface. All Micromeritics’ sample preparation devices accept helium, nitrogen, argon, and other non-corrosive gases.

What is Air-permeability Particle Sizing?

The air-permeability technique is well established for measurement of the Specific Surface Area (SSA) of a sample powder. The SSA measured by this technique has been found to be a useful parameter in various industries such as pharmaceutical, metal coatings, paints, and even geological samples.

The MIC SAS II utilizes dual pressure transducers to measure pressure drop across a packed bed of powder. By varying the sample height and porosity while controlling the flow rate of air through the sample, the SSA and average particle size can be determined using the Kozeny-Carman equation.

Features and Benefits

Superior Software – Sets a world-wide standard for instrument operation, data acquisition and handling, reporting and systems integration
Quick and Easy Set-up – Simple step by step set-up, easy to follow; ensuring that no parameters are over looked
Real Time Data Display – Data can be viewed as it is acquired simplifying method development
Fisher Mapping – Optimizes data agreement with customizable Fisher correlation
ASTM Approval – Fully compliant with ASTM B330-12 and C721-14 standards for particle sizing of alumina, silica, and metal powders and related compounds. B330-15 – Metal Powders; C721-15 – Al2O3, SiO2 – Ceramics & E2980 – 15 – General particle size
Fully Automated Analysis – Sample compaction and pressure stability are computer controlled for high repeatability
Report Generation – Automatically creates PDF reports with custom company logos and typestyles
Security Features – Optional password protection ties samples to user ID’s and protects configuration parameters from unauthorised change
New Powerful Intuitive Touch Pad – User interface increases productivity and enables easy creation and retrieval of SOPs.

Direct Comparison of SAS and FSSS

Comparison trials between the Micromeritics SAS and Fisher FSSS have been carried out using a variety of samples. The graphs above compare the mean particle size data from the two instruments on powders of different sizes. One plot is based on results for inorganic (mainly tungsten) metal; the second on organic samples (mostly pharmaceuticals). There is exceptional correlation between the two sets of data. Numerous extensive studies have come to the same conclusion.

Sentinel Pro

gatscadmin — Tue, 05 May 2020 14:43:01 +0000

Particles are suspended in a flowing stream, backlit by a high speed, Xeon strobe and then photographed by a high-resolution digital camera at up to 127 frames per second. Individual particle images are viewed directly and captured as a video file for post-run processing.

The dynamic turbulent flow path provides a three-dimensional, random orientation, direct view of the moving particles within the sensing zone. Dynamic imaging provides greater particle detail regarding convexity, sphericity, symmetry and aspect ratio when compared to static imaging.

SentinelPro Unique Design Benefits

High speed, 127 frames per-second rated Digital Camera, with up to 5 Mpix resolution, captures live images of thousands of particles
More than 30 shape parameters are recorded, including circularity, ellipticity, opacity, mean diameter, smoothness, aspect ratio, fiber length and many more
All analyzed particles have thumbnail images saved for post-run viewing and shape analysis, both in grey scale and binary views.
Ability to compare different analyses via histogram overlays for all analyzed shape parameters
Scatter plot correlates two shape measurements and can be utilized as a process quality control criterion as an at-line application within unit operations.
Unique and powerful software permits the user to simplify data processing to a pass/fail reporting or choose to extend data analysis to a full suite of post processing image and shape analysis reports.
Multi-Run sample trending – Statistical Process Control capability and ability to track shape changes over user defined time intervals.
Instrument Qualification feature includes NIST standards and detailed Quality Assurance documentation.
Particle Concentration Correlation– adjust concentration reporting to correlate

Shape Model Descriptions

Circle Models :

Equivalent circular area diameter
Equivalent circular perimeter diameter
Bounding circle diameter
Mean radius diameter
Circularity
Smoothness
Compactness

Rectangle Models:

Bounding rectangle length, width
Bounding rectangle aspect ratio
Rectangularity

Fiber Models:

Fiber length, width
Fiber aspect ratio
Fiber curl

Ellipse Models:

Equivalent elliptical area, width, length
Bounding ellipse width, length
Elliptical aspect ratio
Ellipticity

Polygon Models:

Polygon order
Interior angle
Convexity

Irregular Models:

Feret length, width
Feret aspect ratio
Surface uniformity

Pixel Intensity:

Opacity
White Fractions
to traceable reference concentration standards.

Two Models Available

SentinelPro Stand-Alone Instrument:

This model is a fully independent, stand-alone instrument to process samples for Shape analysis by Dynamic imaging. Unit includes an internal peristaltic pumping system with chemically resistant tubing throughout the fluid path.

Its flexible design enables automatic fluidic cycling, optic conversions for extending the particle size range and permits customization for higher viscosity samples by our Custom Engineering Department to meet your specific needs.

Particle Size Range:

1-300um

10-800um

SentinelPro Shape Module:

The SentlinelPro Shape Module automatically takes an aliquot of sample from the reservoir of your current laser light scattering instrument.

No need to change or re-validate your currently established method or process, instead easily integrate the Shape Module within the fluid path of your existing size-only instrumentation.

As the sample is being analyzed, the SentinelPro taps into the sample reservoir of your sizing instrument, removes an aliquot of no more than 30ml of the sample, performs real-time shape analysis and returns the sample to the existing instrument without jeopardizing sample or the integrity of your particle sizing instrument.

Particle Size Range

1-300 um

10-800 um

100-2500 um

SentinelPro Features:

Thumbnail Extraction from Specific Points in Histogram:

This model is a fully independent, stand-alone instrument to process samples for Shape The SentinelPro employs two important features: random orientation and recirculation of the sample. These two features help to ensure a true representation of the sample, as well as accurate data.

When viewing particle thumbnails, the left-mouse button will display all the shape measurement values for that selected thumbnail.

The right-mouse button will allow the user to eliminate that specific particle from the database and statistics.

Useful when, for example, a single air bubble is not wanted in the database.

Particle Concentration Correlation

Adjust concentration reporting to correlate to reference concentration standards.
More accurate, improved concentration results.
References to traceable and recognized count standards

SentinelPro Instrument Features

High speed, high resolution optics
Real-time results
More than 30 size and shape measures
Particle thumbnails in gray scale and binary imagery
Multi-run overlaying of shape data
Sieve correlation capability
Upgradeable optics
Organic fluid capability
Security and regulatory compliance
Flexible, fluidic design
Four size range model options
Real-time data backup for remote viewing
Automated recirculating, sample handling module
3-Dimensional analysis with random orientation
Simple, reliable hardware for low maintenance
Unique integration with smartphone app allows for remote data analysis of all results and thumbnails in real-time
Particle classification feature allows users to automatically have a full analysis for each subcomponent in a mixed sample

SentinelPro Software Features

HPVA II

gatscadmin — Tue, 05 May 2020 14:14:37 +0000

This process is repeated at given pressure intervals until the maximum preselected pressure is reached. Then the pressure can be decreased to provide a desorption isotherm. Each of the resulting equilibrium points [volume adsorbed and equilibrium pressure] is plotted to provide an isotherm.

Excellent reproducibility and accuracy are obtained by using separate transducers for monitoring low and high pressures.

HPVA II Benefits

Dual free-space measurement for accurate isotherm data
Free space can be measured or entered
Correction for non-ideality of analysis gas using NIST REFPROP compressibility factors calculated from multiple equations of state
Reports provided as interactive spreadsheets
Isotherm and weight percentage plots created automatically
Tables of raw data used for report calculations
Real-time charts for Pressure vs. Time and Temperature vs. Time
Gas mixtures with up to three components can be used
Kinetic data provided for rate of adsorpotion calculations
Langmuir equation used to model Type I isotherms
High-precision, solid-state design high-pressure transducer provides a reading accuracy of ±0.04% full scale with a stablility of ±0.1%
Low-pressure pressure transducer provides a reading accuracy of ±0.15% of value
System can attain a maximum pressure of 200 bar
Hydrogen gas sensor automatically shuts down the system should a hydrogen leak occur
BET surface area, Langmuir surface area, and total pore volume calculations included

Specification

Physical

Height 88.9 cm (35 in.)
Width 50.8 cm (20 in.)
Depth 50.8 cm (20 in.)
Weight 27.2 kg (60 lbs.)

Electrical

Voltage 100 – 240 VAC.
Frequency 50 – 60 Hz.

Temperature

10 to 45 °C (50 to 113 °F.)
10 to 55 °C (14 to 131 °F.)

SSSSpin Tester

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The SSSPin Tester provides repeatable and consistent data by first consolidating the material using centrifugal force to compress the sample inside the sample holder. After the initial compaction step, the SSSpinTester then completes the analysis routine using the same centrifugal force to determine the yield strength of the material.

SSSpinTester Features

Fast analysis – results in less than fifteen minutes, full 10-point flow function obtained in less than one hour
Minimal Sample Volume Required – 0.5 cc or less. Minimizes precious or expensive sample waste
One test acquires full data set – no multiple measurements required
Extended consolidation pressure range – 0.05 kPa to 72 kPa
Direct measurement – eliminates the need for extrapolation of data
Small footprint – requires minimal bench-top space
Meets Regulatory Requirements – Certified CE compliant and conforms to FDA 21 CFR Part 1

For Formulators, Important Improvements in Analyzing Precious Powders

Sample Size	Consolidation Pressure	Quick Results
0.06 to 0.1gm per test	10 Pa ot 50 kPa	Single test to obtain data

Current testers can require	Current testers can require	Current testers can require
Greater than 50 gm.	Minumum of 1k Pa	5 tests to obtain data

SSSpinTester Specifications

Physical:

Length: 18in.
Width: 16in.
Height: 15in. (includes the feet)
Mass: ~22.5Kg or ~50lbs

Sample Volume:

Requires 0.5cc per test

Consolidation Pressure Range:

0.05 kPa to 72 kPa

Electrical:

Voltage: 85 – 264 VAC
Frequency: 50/60 Hz –
Single Phase 9A

Environment:

Temperature: 0 to 50 °C (32 to 122 °F) –
With RH maximum of 78%

Typical Applications

Powdered Metals

Obtaining strength values at low consolidation pressures allows prediction of optimal powdered metal behavior. The SSSpinTester can measure the strength of heavy metal powder at actual fill pressure values for direct correlation to processing conditions

Additives (for energy)

Additives are typically introduced to coal combustion streams through pneumatic conveying. Measuring the strength of these powders at low to moderate compaction pressures can help with conveying this material.

Ceramics

Density variations of sintered ceramic powder can cause significant problems with dimensional tolerances of the final parts. Filling pressures are very low and the density variations depend on the strength of the material. Segregation can be prevented by the cohesive properties of the bulk

Pharmaceutical

Strength testing during formulation of pharmaceutical API powders is possible when only a very small quantity of the material is available. The weight variance from tablet to tablet is directly related to how the die fills. The filling depends on the strength of the material at low pressures

Food(fine powders only)

Food engineers need a quick test to measure the cohesion properties (strength and density) to determine if a particular mix will cause flow problems in the unit operation being used at the food plant. The SSSpinTester offers a fast and accurate measure of material strength at a full range of consolidation pressures.

Chemical

Often an engineer wants a quick test to measure the cohesion properties (strength and density) of a particular formulation. The optimal powder is one that has enough cohesion to prevent segregation, but not enough to cause density variations

Catalysts

Measuring the strength of catalyst material at low consolidation pressures can allow the scientist to determine if a catalyst will channel and correlate this information to the life of the catalyst in a fluid bed. The SSSpinTester measures the cohesiveness (strength and density) of the catalyst powder at actual process operating condition

Cosmetics

Decisions can be made regarding the size and shape of the powdered ingredients to optimize packaging success. The SSSpinTester can give the formulator and process engineer the data at actual pressures that are needed for successful packaging

DST-60

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Features

Du NÕuy ring ( Platinum- Iridium ) method / Wilhelmy Plate method
Auto Calculation of Surface Tension
Ergonomic , user friendly design
Automatic or Manual lift system
Accurate and simple operation
Temperature Control : -10 ⁰ C to 100 ⁰C
Print function for DST 60 and DST 100

Typical Applications

Measurement of Surface and interfacial tension of liquid
Determination of properties of surfactant / emulsifying agents
Petroleum and fuels applications
Evaluation of the reformulation of paint and ink
Chemical / Biological application

Options

Heat / Cool circulator ( -10 ⁰ C to 100 ⁰C )
Thermal Chamber
Printer Function

Technical Specification

Model	DST60M	DST60A
Methods	Du NÕuy ring/ Wilhelmy plate	Du NÕuy ring/ Wilhelmy plate
Measuring range	0 to 500 dynes /cm ( mN/m)	0 to 500 dynes /cm ( mN/m)
Balance Capacity	100 grams	100 grams
Sample Stage Operation	Precise Manual Stage	Automatic
Liquid Vessel	Glass container ( 50ml)	Glass container ( 50ml)
Power Supply	110 to 220Vac	110 to 220Vac
Dimension( L x Wx H, in/mm)	8kg	8kg

DST-30

gatscadmin — Tue, 05 May 2020 09:46:51 +0000

The sample stage can be automatically operated so that the errors from the manual operation can be significantly minimized and the accuracy can be maximized. The surface and interfacial tension results can be obtained quickly with no additional calculations and the measured results and data can be shown easily on the LCD display and printed out.

Features

Du NÕuy ring ( Platinum- Iridium ) method / Wilhelmy Plate method
Auto Calculation of Surface Tension
Ergonomic , user friendly design
Automatic or Manual lift system
Accurate and simple operation
Temperature Control : -10 ⁰ C to 100 ⁰C
Print function for DST 60 and DST 100

Typical Applications

Measurement of Surface and interfacial tension of liquid
Determination of properties of surfactant / emulsifying agents
Petroleum and fuels applications
Evaluation of the reformulation of paint and ink
Chemical / Biological application

Options

Heat / Cool circulator ( -10 ⁰ C to 100 ⁰C )
Thermal Chamber
Printer Function

Technical Specification

Model	DST30M
Methods	Du NÕuy ring
Measuring range	0 to 500 dynes /cm ( mN/m)
Balance Capacity	100 grams
Sample Stage Operation	Precise Manual Stage
Liquid Vessel	Glass container ( 50ml)
Power Supply	110 to 220Vac
Dimension( L x Wx H, in/mm)	7kg

DCA-200

gatscadmin — Tue, 05 May 2020 09:25:29 +0000

Solution for :

Dynamic Contact Angle of general solid materials
Dynamic Contact Angle of a powder using Washburn Method
Surface / Interfacial Tension
Surface energies, wettability, cleanliness and topographical homogeneity of solid sheets, films and fibers
Dry material adsorption, wicking rate
Surfactants analysis with the automatic / manual Critical Micelle Concentration ( CMC) software

SEO Quantum-S Software

SEO Quantum-S is a window based software which accomplishes all DCA functions with ease, using Wilhelmy Plate or DuNộuy ring methods

Dynamic Contact Angle Measurement
Surface Tension Measurement accordance to ASTM / DIN/ ISO
Interfacial Measurement
Surface Energies Measurement
Surfactant Studies ( Critical Micelle Concentration, CMC) with optional accessory

SEO DCA Application

Film / Fibers
Powders
Composites
Adhesives
Bio Polymers
Inks
Paints
Oil Recovery
Shampoos
Cosmetics
Detergents
Pharmaceuticals
Eye-care products
Moisture Barriers
Semiconductor & Electronics
LCD, OLED displays

SEO Quantum-S Offers the best flexibility

The Quantum-S software is designed for all SEO DCA systems operates under the Quantum-S Software. The DCA software allows method storage, development, real time, buoyancy correction and a complete range of analysis, including an automatic run mode. The SEO DCA software expands your analysis capabilities even further by offering the following;

Critical Surface Tension – Zisman Plot
Surface Energies ( Geometric, Harmonic, Lewis Acid/Base )
Washburn Method
Density Measurement
Liquid Surface Tension components
Wicking rate measurement
Data can be exported as an Excel file, offering the highest flexibility
Data acquisition and data analysis can be performed automatically and / or manually according to method and setting
User can test CMC doser and stirrer and temperature accessory separately